King® RS-D2
RAPID STRENGTH SHOTCRETE MATERIAL FOR DRY-MIX PROCESS FOR UNDERGROUND APPLICATIONS
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King® RS-D2 is a rapid hardening, pre-blended, and pre-packaged shotcrete material formulated for dry-mix underground applications, powered by Rapid Set® technology. It contains blended aggregates and other carefully selected components. It has greatly enhanced shooting characteristics and physical properties, greatly reduced setting times, along with very rapid strength development.
- Very rapid early age strength development
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
Usage
- Ground support applications for mining, tunneling and other underground openings.
- Construction of underground bulkheads, backfill barricades, pillars, ventilation walls and other underground concrete structures.
Advantages
- Very rapid early age strength development
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
- Superior ability to build greater thicknesses in a single pass in both vertical and overhead orientations
- Low shrinkage
- Micro-Synthetic fibers reduce cracking caused by intrinsic stresses
- Type III synthetic fiber in accordance with ASTM C1116
- Grade FR Class I shotcrete in accordance with ASTM C1480
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- Significantly decreased wear on placing equipment and accessories when compared with steel fibers
- Ideal for use in man-ways or other areas where people may come in contact with the shotcrete surface
- Reduced cracking due to drying shrinkage
- Very rapid early-age strength development
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- By default King® RS-D2, King® RS-D2 MF and King® RS-D2 ST are blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 2 (No Added Abbreviation)
- For King® RS-D2 with steel fibers and gradation No. 1, the name of the product would be:
King® RS-D2 ST G1. - For King® RS-D2 with a high dosage of macro-synthetic fibers, and gradation No. 2, the name of the product would be:
King® RS-D2 MFB. - For King® RS-D2 with gradation No. 1, the name of the product would be:
King® RS-D2 G1.
Packaging
2205 lb (1000 kg) FIBC*
Products containing Macro-Synthetic fibers (MF) or Steel fibers (ST) can only be packaged in FIBC*
Custom packaging is available to suit specific project requirements
*Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container
Product Details
Shelf Life
12 months in original, unopened packaging
Storage Conditions
Store in a dry, covered area, protected from the elements between
40°F - 95°F (5°C - 35°C)
Physical properties may be adversely affected if material is stored in temperatures below 40°F (5°C) and should be allowed to warm to ambient underground temperatures before application
Compressive Strength
| ASTM C116 (MODIFIED) |
| 2 hours | 3000 psi (21 MPa) |
| ASTM C1604 |
| 1 day | 4350 psi (30 MPa) |
| 7 days | 5800 psi (40 MPa) |
| 28 days | 7250 psi (50 MPa) |
Flexural Strength
| ASTM C78 |
| King® RS-D2 | King® RS-D2 ST | King® RS-D2 MF | |
| 7 days | 800 psi (5.5 MPa) | - | - |
| 28 days | 870 psi (6.0 MPa) | 785 psi (5.4 MPa) | 785 psi (5.4 MPa) |
Porosity
| BOILED ABSORPTION | ASTM C642 |
7.0 %
| MAXIMUM OF PERMEABLE VOIDS | ASTM C642 |
| King® RS-D2 | 15.0 % |
| King® RS-D2 MF | 14.0 % |
Application
Set Time
| ASTM C1117 |
| Initial | 5 minutes |
| Final | 10 minutes |
Coverage
Approx. 16.5 ft3 per 2205 lb FIBC (0.45 m3 per 1000 kg FIBC)
EQUIPMENT
Special precautions needed when using predampeners with dry blended powdered accelerated shotcrete.
Contact your Sika STM Technical Representative for more information.
SURFACE PREPARATION
All surfaces to be in contact with product must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. Clean the area with potable water, leaving the substrate saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
APPLICATION
Apply King® RS-D2 in accordance with the ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete” publication.
Performance of in-place shotcrete relies heavily upon application techniques. The shotcrete material, equipment and key personnel should be pre-qualified prior to project start-up to ensure optimum quality of in-place shotcrete.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE
- King® RS-D2 physical properties may be adversely affected if material is stored in temperatures below
40 °F (5 °C). - Material should be allowed to warm to at least 60 °F (15 °C) prior to shooting in order to optimize early age compressive strength results.
- King® RS-D2 MF and King® RS-D2 ST should not be applied when ambient, substrate, and material temperatures are below 40 °F (5 °C).
- For adverse temperatures, follow ACI recommendations for Cold / Hot Weather Concreting.
- King® RS-D2 MF and King® RS-D2 ST recommended minimum inside diameter of shotcrete hoses should be 2 in (50 mm).
Contact your Sika STM Technical Representative for more information.
CURING TREATMENT
Good curing conditions are beneficial to optimizing the physical properties. Although the high relative humidity commonly found in underground environments provides for good curing conditions, additional curing is often appropriate and should be performed in accordance with ACI 308 “Guide to Curing Concrete”.
CLEANING OF TOOLS
Clean all tools and equipment after use with water. Once hardened, the product can only be removed mechanically.