King® MS-D1
SHOTCRETE MATERIAL FOR DRY-MIX PROCESS APPLICATIONS
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King® MS-D1 is a pre-blended and pre-packaged shotcrete material formulated for dry-mix process applications. It contains Portland cement, silica fume, air-entraining admixture, blended aggregates, along with other carefully selected components. It has greatly enhanced shooting characteristics and physical properties.
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freezethaw cycling and salt-scaling resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
Usage
Overall:- Rehabilitation of concrete bridges, dams, reservoirs, tunnels, marine structures, and parking ramps
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers and watermains
- New construction including slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft and tunnel linings, pools, and other concrete structures
- Ground support applications for mining, tunneling, and other underground openings
- Rehabilitation of marine structures
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers and other tunnels
- Slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft and tunnel linings
Advantages
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling and salt-scaling resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
- Improved ability to build greater thicknesses in a single pass in both vertical and overhead orientations
- Improved resistance to water wash-out
- Improved resistance to sulphate attack
- Very low permeability
- Low shrinkage
- Compatible with integral, pre-applied and/or post-applied corrosion inhibitors
- Designed with natural normal-density non-reactive aggregates to eliminate potential alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR)
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Allows for earlier re-opening of traffic lanes on bridges and in tunnels
- Superior ability to build greater thicknesses in a single pass in both vertical and overhead orientations
- Micro-Synthetic fibers reduce cracking caused by intrinsic stresses
- Type III synthetic fiber in accordance with ASTM C1116
- Grade FR Class I shotcrete in accordance with ASTM C1480
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- Low permeability
- Reduction of cracking due to drying shrinkage
- Significantly decreased wear on placing equipment and accessories when compared with steel fibers
- Ideal for use in manways or other areas where people may come in contact with the shotcrete surface
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Low permeability
- Corrosion inhibitor protects steel reinforcement and other metals embedded in concrete from corrosion induced by carbonation or chlorides
- Pre-blended corrosion inhibitor provides the correct dosage to enhance corrosion protection
- By default King® MS-D1, King® MS-D1 ST, and King® MS-D1 MF is blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 1 (No Added Abbreviation)
- King® MS-D1 G2, King® MS-D1 ST, G2 and King® MS-D1 MF G2 is blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 2 (G2)
- For King® MS-D1 with a level 2 dosage of accelerator, a high dosage of macro-synthetic fibers, and gradation No. 1, the name of the product would be:
King® MS-D1 X2 MFB. - For King® MS-D1 with a level 3 dosage of accelerator, with micro-synthetic fibers, and gradation No. 2, the name of the product would be:
King® MS-D1 X3 SY G2. - For King® MS-D1 with a high dosage of steel fibers, a level 2 dosage of accelerator, and gradation No. 1, the name of the product would be:
King® MS-D1 X2 STA.
Packaging
66 lb (30 kg) bag
2205 lb (1000 kg) FIBC*
Products containing Macro-Synthetic fibers (MF) or Steel fibers (ST) can only be packaged in FIBC*
Custom packaging is available to suit specific project requirements
*Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container
Product Details
Shelf Life
12 months in original, unopened packaging
Storage Conditions
Store in a dry, covered area, protected from the elements
For optimum performance it is recommended to store the material between 40°F - 95°F (5°C - 35°C)
Underground Environments
Physical properties may be adversely affected if material is stored in temperatures below 40°F (5°C) and should be allowed to warm to ambient underground temperatures before application
Compressive Strength
| ASTM C116 (MODIFIED) |
| King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 4 hours | 150 psi (1 MPa) | 725 psi (5 MPa) | |
| 8 hours | 725 psi (5 MPa) | 870 psi (6 MPa) | 1150 psi (8 MPa) |
| 12 hours | 1015 psi (7 MPa) | 1150 psi (8 MPa) | 1500 psi (10 MPa) |
| COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH | ASTM C1604 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 1 day | 2175 psi (15 MPa) | 3000 psi (21 MPa) | 3000 psi (21 MPa) | 3000 psi (21 MPa) |
| 3 days | 4060 psi (28 MPa) | 4060 psi (28 MPa) | 4060 psi (28 MPa) | 4060 psi (28 MPa) |
| 7 days | 4640 psi (32 MPa) | 4640 psi (32 MPa) | 4640 psi (32 MPa) | 4640 psi (32 MPa) |
| 28 days | 6000 psi (42 MPa) | 6000 psi (42 MPa) | 6000 psi (42 MPa) | 6000 psi (42 MPa) |
Modulus of Elasticity in Compression
| MODULUS OF ELASTICITY | ASTM C469 |
| 7 days | 3.9 x 106 psi (26.6 GPa) |
| 28 day | 4.2 x 106 psi (29.0 GPa) |
Flexural Strength
| ASTM C78 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 7 days | 940 psi (6.5 MPa) | 870 psi (6.0 MPa) | 870 psi (6.0 MPa) | 870 psi (6.0 MPa) |
| 28 days | 1085 psi (7.5 MPa) | 1015 psi (7.0 MPa) | 1015 psi (7.0 MPa) | 1015 psi (7.0 MPa) |
King® MS-D1 MF & King® MS-D1 ST
| 28 days | 1160 psi (8.0 MPa) |
Tensile Strength
| TENSILE BOND STRENGTH | ASTM C1583 |
| 7 days | 320 psi (2.2 MPa) |
| 28 days | 420 psi (2.9 MPa) |
Splitting tensile strength
| TENSILE SPLIT STRENGTH | ASTM C496 |
| 7 days | 550 psi (3.8 MPa) |
| 28 days | 650 psi (4.5 MPa) |
Slant Shear Strength
| BOND STRENGTH BY SLANT SHEAR (MODIFIED) | ASTM C882 |
| 7 days | 3060 psi (21.1 MPa) |
| 28 days | 3335 psi (23.0 MPa) |
Shrinkage
| UNIAXAL DRYING SHRINKAGE | ASTM C157 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 28 days | 0.050% | 0.060% | 0.060% | 0.060% |
| 56 days | 0.058% | 0.065% | 0.065% | 0.065% |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
| CRD C-39 |
| 28 days | 6.5 x 10-6 / °F (11.7 x 10-6 / °C) |
Porosity
| AIR CONTENT | ASTM C457 |
6 % ± 2 %
| MAXIMUM AIR VOID SPACING FACTOR | ASTM C457 |
0.0118 in (300 µm)
| BOILED ABSORPTION | ASTM C642 |
6.0 %
| MAXIMUM VOLUME OF PERMEABLE VOIDS | ASTM C642 |
15.0 %
Freeze-Thaw Stability
| FREEZE-THAW STABILITY | ASTM C666 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 |
| 100 % | 96 % | 96 % | 96 % |
Excellent durability factor
Salt resistance
| SALT SCALING RESISTANCE | ASTM C672 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 |
| 0.020 lb/ft2 (0.10 kg/m2) | 0.035 lb/ft2 (0.17 kg/m2) | 0.040 lb/ft2 (0.20 kg/m2) | 0.240 lb/ft2 (1.2 kg/m2) |
Application
Set Time
| ASTM C1117 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| Initial | 4 hours | 60 minutes | 20 minutes | 5 minutes |
| Final | 6 hours | 70 minutes | 30 minutes | 10 minutes |
Coverage
Approx. 0.5 ft3 per 66 lb bag (0.014 m3 per 30 kg bag)
Approx. 16.5 ft3 per 2205 lb FIBC (0.45 m3 per 1000 kg FIBC)
*May vary according to projects conditions
EQUIPMENT
Special precautions needed when using predampeners with dry blended powdered accelerated shotcrete.
Contact your Sika STM Technical Representative for more information.
SURFACE PREPARATION
- Repair or rehabilitation: All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D1 and its variations must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) clearance behind any corroded reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be saw-cut a minimum of ¾ inch (20 mm). Clean the area to be repaired with potable water, leaving the concrete saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
- Rock surfaces (King® MS-D1 ST & King® MS-D1 MF):
All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D1 ST and King® MS-D1 MF must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. Clean the area with potable water, leaving the substrate saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
APPLICATION
Apply in accordance with the ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete” publication.
Performance of in-place shotcrete relies heavily upon application techniques. The shotcrete material, equipment and key personnel should be pre-qualified prior to project start-up to ensure optimum quality of in-place shotcrete.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE
- Product should not be applied when ambient, substrate, and material termperatures are below 40 °F (5 °C) or above 95 °F (35 °C).
- For adverse temperatures, follow ACI recommendations for Cold/Hot Weather Concreting.
- For cold temperature applications, use King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3.
- When using King® MS-D1 MF or King® MS-D1 ST, recommened minimum inside diameter of shotcrete hoses should be 2 inch (50 mm).
Contact your Sika STM Technical Representative for more information.
CURING TREATMENT
Curing is essential to optimize physical properties of the shotcrete and minimize plastic shrinkage. Product should be cured immediately
after material has reached initial set in accordance with ACI 308 “Guide to Curing Concrete”. Continuously moist cure for a minimum period of seven (7) days. Alternatively, moist cure for a minimum period of 24 hours and apply a curing compound that complies with ASTM C309. Curing is particularly critical in rapid moisture loss conditions such as high temperatures, high winds and low humidity.
Underground Environments
Good curing conditions are beneficial to optimizing physical properties. Although the high relative humidity commonly found in underground environments provides for good curing conditions, additional curing is often appropriate and should be performed in accordance with ACI 308 “Guide to Curing Concrete''.
CLEANING OF TOOLS
Clean all tools and equipment after use with water. Once hardened, the product can only be removed mechanically.