King® RS-D1
RAPID STRENGTH SHOTCRETE MATERIAL FOR DRY-MIX PROCESS APPLICATIONS
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King® RS-D1 is a rapid hardening, pre-blended, and pre-packaged shotcrete material formulated for dry-mix applications, powered by Rapid Set® technology. It contains controlled blended aggregates along with other carefully selected components. It offers enhanced shooting characteristics and physical properties, greatly reduced setting times, along with very rapid strength development.
- Very high early strength for a reduced construction schedule
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling, and salt-scaling resistance
Usage
Overall:- Rehabilitation of concrete bridges, dams, reservoirs, tunnels, marine structures, and parking ramps
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers, and water pipes
- New construction including slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft, and tunnel lining
- Ground support applications for mining, tunneling, and other underground openings
- Rehabilitation of marine structures
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers, and other tunnels
- Slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft and tunnel linings
Advantages
- Very high early strength for a reduced construction schedule
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling, and salt-scaling resistance
- Allows earlier re-opening of traffic lanes on bridges, and earlier reentry times in tunnels and parking garages
- Low modulus of elasticity and low drying shrinkage, reducing cracking potential
- Simplified curing method to accelerate construction schedule
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
- Superior ability to build greater thicknesses in a single pass, in both vertical, and overhead orientations
- Improved resistance to water washout
- Improved resistance to sulfate attack
- Very low permeability and low shrinkage
- Compatible with integral, pre-applied, and/or post-applied corrosion inhibitors
- Designed with natural normal-density non-reactive aggregates to eliminate potential alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR)
- Micro-Synthetic fibers reduce cracking caused by intrinsic stresses
- Type III synthetic fiber in accordance with ASTM C1116
- Grade FR Class I shotcrete in accordance with ASTM C1480
- Corrosion inhibitor protects steel reinforcing and other metals embedded in concrete from corrosion induced by carbonation or chlorides
- Pre-blended corrosion inhibitor provides the correct dosage to enhance corrosion protection
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- For King® RS-D1 with micro-synthetic fibers and gradation No. 2, the name of the product would be:
King® RS-D1 SY G2.
- By default King® RS-D1 & King® RS-D1 ST are blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 1 (No Added Abbreviation)
- King® RS-D1 G2 & King® RS-D1 ST G2 are blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 2 (G2)
Packaging
66 lb (30 kg) bag
2205 lb (1000 kg) FIBC*
Products with Macro-Synthetic fibers (MF) or Steel fibers (ST) can only be packaged in FIBC*
Custom packaging is available to suit specific project requirements
*Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container
Product Details
Shelf Life
12 months in original, unopened packaging
Storage Conditions
Stored in a dry, covered area, protected from the elements between
40°F - 95°F (5°C - 35°C)
Underground Environments
Stored in a dry, covered area, protected from the elements between
40°F - 95°F (5°C - 35°C)
Physical properties may be adversely affected if material is stored in
temperatures below 40°F (5°C) and should be allowed to warm to ambient
underground temperatures before application
Compressive Strength
| ASTM C116 |
| 50 % HUMIDITY CURE | |
| 1 hour | 1500 psi (10 MPa) |
| 2 hours | 2175 psi (15 MPa) |
| 3 hours | 3000 psi (21 MPa) |
| 1 day | 3625 psi (25 MPa) |
| ASTM C1604 |
| 50 % HUMIDITY CURE | |
| 7 days | 4640 psi (32 MPa) |
| 28 days | 5500 psi (38 MPa) |
Modulus of Elasticity in Compression
| MODULUS OF ELASTICITY | ASTM C469 |
| 28 days | 3.7 x 106 psi (25.3 GPa) |
Flexural Strength
| ASTM C78 |
| 28 days | 785 psi (5.4 MPa) |
Shrinkage
| UNIAXIAL DRYING SHRINKAGE | ASTM C157 |
| 28 days | 0.04 % |
Porosity
| AIR CONTENT | ASTM C457 |
6 % ± 2 %
| MAXIMUM AIR VOID SPACING FACTOR | ASTM C457 |
0.0118 in (300 µm)
| BOILED ABSORPTION | ASTM C642 |
| 28 days | 6.0 % |
| MAXIMUM VOLUME OF PERMEABLE VOIDS | ASTM C642 |
| 28 days | 15.0 % |
Freeze-Thaw Stability
| ASTM C666 |
| 28 days | 100 % (Excellent durability factor) |
Salt resistance
| SALT SCALING RESISTANCE | ASTM C672 |
0.12 lb/ft2 (0.6 kg/m2)
Application
Set Time
| ASTM C1117 |
| Initial | 5-10 minutes |
| Final | 10-20 minutes |
Coverage
Approx. 0.5 ft3 per 66 lb bag (0.014 m3 per 30 kg bag)
Approx. 16.5 ft3 per 2205 lb FIBC (0.45 m3 per 1000 kg FIBC)
EQUIPMENT
Special precautions needed when using predampeners with dry blended powdered accelerated shotcrete.
Contact your Sika STM Technical Representative for more information.
SURFACE PREPARATION
Temperatures above 40 °F (5 °C):
- Repair or Rehibilitation: All surfaces to be in contact with product must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of ¾ inch (20 mm) clearance behind any corroded reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be saw-cut a minimum of ¾ inch (20 mm). Clean the area to be repaired with potable water, leaving the concrete saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
- Rock surfaces: All surfaces to be in contact with product must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. Clean the area with potable water, leaving the substrate saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
Temperatures below 40 °F (5 °C):
- Repair or Rehibilitation: All surfaces to be in contact with product must be free from oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) clearance behind the reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be sawcut a minimum of ¾ inch (20 mm). To avoid freezing of the interface between the shotcrete and the parent concrete, do not pre-wet the receiving surface. Pneumatically remove any free standing or other fine particles that may interfere with the bond between the product and the substrate. Do not apply when ambient temperature is below or is expected to fall below 20 °F (-5 °C) within six (6) hours following the application of shotcrete. Do not apply when temperature of receiving surface is below 20 °F (-5 °C). Material and mixing water temperature must be maintained between 70 °F and 86 °F (20 °C and 30 °C).
- Rock surfaces: All surfaces to be in contact with the product must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. To avoid freezing of the interface between the shotcrete and the parent concrete, do not pre-wet the receiving surface. Pneumatically remove any free standing or other fine particles that may interfere with the bond between the product and the substrate.
APPLICATION
Apply product in accordance with the ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete” publication.
Performance of in-place shotcrete relies heavily upon application techniques. The shotcrete material, equipment and key personnel should be pre-qualified prior to project start-up to ensure optimum quality of in-place shotcrete.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE
- King® RS-D1 & King® RS-D1 ST should not be applied when ambient, substrate, and material temperatures are below 20 °F (-5 °C) or above 95 °F (35 °C).
- Material should be allowed to warm to at least 60 °F (15 °C) prior to shooting in order to optimize early age compressive strength results.
- For adverse temperatures, follow ACI recommendations for Cold / Hot Weather Concreting.
- King® RS-D1 ST recommended minimum inside diameter of shotcrete hoses should be 2 in (50 mm).
Contact your Sika STM Technical Representative for more information.
CURING TREATMENT
Curing is essential to optimize physical properties of the shotcrete and minimize plastic shrinkage. In order to reduce the construction schedule, this product was developed and tested using a simplified curing method consisting of applying two (2) coats of a water-based curing compound in compliance with ASTM C309. Curing is particularly critical in rapid moisture loss conditions such as high temperatures, high winds and low humidity.
Temperatures below 40 °F (5 °C):
Good curing conditions are beneficial to optimizing physical properties. Immediately after shotcrete reaches final set, apply two (2) coats of a resin-based liquid membrane curing compound approved for use in cold weather conditions.
CLEANING OF TOOLS
Clean all tools and equipment immediately after use with water. Once hardened, material can only be removed mechanically.